APPENDIX 1
EXAMPLES OF ANIMAL DISORDERS WHICH MAY BE HELPED BY AP
This list is not complete. It is extracted from the veterinary AP textbooks by Brunner, Gilchrist, Klide and Kung and Westermayer. (See references).
GENERAL CONDITIONS: Emergencies, poisoning, intoxication, toxaemia, hog cholera, distemper in dogs; agalactia, mastitis, udder oedema; fevers, chills; general weakness, lack of energy; exhaustion, over-exertion, dullness; polyhidrosis, insect bites; tranquillizer effect; to calm after a race; to tonify before a race; haemorrhage after uterine contraction; pain; to stimulate immunity; allergy; stress.
MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS: Lameness, pain, sprain, trauma to muscles, joints, bones, tendons; muscle pain, trauma, atrophy, rheumatism, tired muscles, "tying-up", myositis, myotonia, muscle spasms; arthropathy, arthritis, joint pain, strain, trauma, luxation; bone trauma, periostitis, osteomalacia, rickets; ring-bone, sidebone; tendon disorders, pain; bowed tendons; tendonitis, tenosynovitis; tendovaginitis; bursitis.
DISORDERS OF HEAD REGION: Nervous system: encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, encephaloedema; cerebral accidents, cerebral anaemia, cerebral hyperaemia; stroke; mental disorders; convulsions, epilepsy, chorea, ataxia, dizziness, unconsciousness; paralysis, wobblers, tetanus. Eyes: cataract, keratitis, pannus, ophthalmia; ocular microfilariasis; excess tears; conjunctivitis, eyelids swollen. Ears: certain types of deafness; ear paralysis. Face: facial swelling; trigeminal neuralgia; facial paralysis.
DISORDERS OF THE NECK: pain, sprain, rheumatism, muscle spasm, arthritis, subluxation, myositis of m. sternobrachiocephalicus.
DISORDERS OF FORELIMBS: General: pain, sprain, rheumatism, trauma, arthritis, lameness, paralysis, weakness and oedema of the forelimbs. Shoulder: pain, sprain, luxation, trauma, rheumatism, arthritis, lameness; shoulder m. atrophy; scapular and suprascapular n. Paralysis. Arm: pain, rheumatism; biceps brachii m. strained; muscle pain. Elbow: pain, sprain, trauma, luxation, rheumatism, arthritis. Forearm: radial, ulnar and medial m. paralysis; muscle pain, rheumatism. Carpus: pain, sprain, luxation, arthritis, trauma, swelling, synovitis. Metacarpus: pain etc; flexor and extensor tendon disorders; bucked shins. Fetlock: arthritis, luxation, trauma, contusion, oedema; unable to flex fetlock. Digit: pain etc. Hoof: disorders laminitis, bulb of heel pain and inflammation; navicular disease.
DISORDERS OF THORAX: General: pain, spasm, colic, oedema, pleuritis, diaphragm-spasm. Cardiovascular and haematological: heart disorders, arrythmia; circulatory disorders; arterial and blood pressure disorder; anaemia; leucopenia; ascites, oedema; shock, collapse, syncope, heatstroke. Respiratory: nose disorders, rhinitis, rhinorrhoea, purulent sinusitis, epistaxis; pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis; lung disorders; bronchitis, pneumonia, lung oedema, congestion; lung haemorrhage; emphysema; allergies; coughs, colds, 'flu, asthma, wheezing, not enough wind; respiratory viruses; pleuritis.
DISORDERS OF BACK AND ABDOMEN: General: pain, spasm, colic, oedema, ascites; abdominal disorders; peritonitis, adnexitis; liver diseases, hepatitis, cholecystitis, icterus; ketosis and fatty liver, diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis. Mouth and digestive system: stomatitis, salivation, glossitis, tongue ulcer, swelling, lips swollen, trismus, masseter spasm; disorders of the jaws; chewing difficulty; pharyngitis, parotitis, pharyngeal paralysis, oesophageal paralysis; inappetance, anorexia. Gastric: dilation, atony, bloat, gastritis, vomiting, hyperacidity. Intestinal: enteritis, colitis, spasm, colic. Gastrointestinal: bloat, allergies; spasm, colic, gastroenteritis, diarrhoea, dysentery, blood in faeces, constipation, hog cholera. Rectum: paralysis, prolapse. Reproductive tract: infertility, sterility, nymphomania, prolonged oestrus, anoestrus, pseudopregnancy, dysmenorrhoea; ovarian dysfunction, oophoritis, cystic ovary; salpingitis; metritis, pyometra, dystocia (to relax pelvis and assist birth); uterine prolapse (to assist reposition); vaginal prolapse, vaginitis; male impotence, depressed libido, penile paralysis; orchitis, scrotal oedema. Urinary tract: incontinence, dysuria, difficult urination, anuria, urine retention, haematuria. Kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra: nephritis; ureter spasm; cystitis, bladder retention spasm; urethritis. Pelvic area: sacroiliac strain, luxation; to relax pelvis in obstetrics. Lumbosacral area: pain, rheumatism, stiffness, myositis, spondylosis, arthritis, nerve paralysis, paresis, posterior paralysis.
SPINAL DISORDERS: Pain, spasm, rheumatism, stiffness, myositis, lameness, etc in the spinal or paravertebral area from neck to tail. Vertebral disorders: arthritis, luxation, mild disc prolapse; spinal trauma; spinal paresis and paralysis, torticollis, wobbler syndrome.
HIND LIMB DISORDERS: Hindquarter: rheumatism, pain, spasm of rump muscles; paralysis of the tail and hindquarters; Hindlimb: rheumatism, myositis, pain, spasm, lameness, arthritis, motor malfunction, weakness, paralysis; hind limb oedema. Hip: pain, rheumatism, spasm, lameness, arthritis, dysplasia; sciatic nerve paralysis, femoral nerve paralysis, myositis of semimembranosus and biceps femoris m. Stifle (Knee): pain, rheumatism, arthritis; patellar luxation; stifle locked; pain in region of tibia, fibula; tibial, fibular m. paralysis. Hock (tarsus): swelling, pain, hypertrophy, spavin, arthritis; pain, inflammation and swelling of Achilles' tendon. Metatarsus: pain, bucked shins, arthritis, flexor tendon disorders. Fetlock: oedema, pain, arthritis, luxation, trauma, inability to flex. Digit and hoof: pain, laminitis, panaritium, phlegmon, pododermatitis, heel and bulb of heel pain.
SKIN DISORDERS: allergy, urticaria, pruritus, trauma, eczema, dermatitis.
APPENDIX 2
EXPERIMENTAL TRYPANOSOMIASIS: Mice were infected experimentally with Trypanosoma evasi. Some of the mice received water injections at GV14, ST36 + AiKen (a point behind the second metatarsophalyngeal joint, at the inner side of the plantar surface). Others remained as infected, untreated controls. AP significantly prolonged survival time of infected mice. All control mice died. Some of the treated mice lived (Lin et al 1976, Chinese Med. J. (Taiwan), 23, 152-157).
EXPERIMENTAL ERLICH ASCITES TUMOUR was induced in mice by inoculation with tumour cells. Some of the mice were needled at the same points as above. AP significantly prolonged the survival time of treated mice as compared with controls but all mice died eventually (Lee and Lin, 1975. Chinese Medical J. (Taiwan) 22, 167-171).
EXPERIMENTAL POLIOMYELITIS was induced by virus injection in rhesus monkeys. Ligation of certain points enhanced nerve fibre regeneration and the formation of neuromuscular plaques in paralysed muscle. It also increased cholinesterase in the large motor neurons in the ventral horn or the spinal cord, increased the number of dendrites and synapses in the segment, increased the conduction velocity in motor nerves and increased metatarsal perspiration (Anon 1979 a, p. 517).
CLINICAL HUMAN POLIOMYELITIS: AP or injection of the relevant points gave valuable therapeutic results in 360 cases. In patients treated in the acute (febrile) phase, improvement occurred in 88% and 52% recovered. In patients treated in the first month of illness, the response rate was 48%, as compared with 31% and 18% respectively in those treated within 6 months and after 6 months of onset respectively (Anon 1979a, p.76).
CLINICAL VIRAL HEPATITIS was treated in 280 cases by manual or electro-AP of relevant points. Treatment was effective in 90% of cases in eliminating the symptoms (fever, jaundice, gastrointestinal upset, pain etc) and in restoring health in less than 3 weeks. (Anon 1979a, p. 41 and 43).
CLINICAL BACTERIAL ENTERITIS IN PIGLETS: E. coli enteritis in piglets was treated by needling certain points or by spiramycin. Some scouring piglets were left as untreated controls. AP once daily gave a highly effective clinical response in 2-5 days, as good as, or better than, the response to spiramycin (Anon 1977a, p265-). The results are summarised below.
| Treatment | No. | % cured 5th day | Points used |
| Acupuncture | 18 | 88 | GV03, GV01, YuTang, ShanKen |
| Spiramycin | 18 | 83 | none |
| Control | 18 | 44 | none |
| Treatment | No. | % cured 5th day | Points used |
| Acupuncture | 20 | 85 | GV01, GV03, YuTang |
| Control | 20 | 0 | none |
| Acupuncture | 20 | 95 | GV01, BL20, ST36 |
| Control | 20 | 0 | none |
| Acupuncture | 20 | 100 | BL20, ShanKen, TiMen |
| Spiramycin | 20 | 100 | none |
YuTang : 0.5 tsun on either side of midline of hard palate, 1 tsun behind incisors
ShanKen: midline, just above snout (GV25)
TiMen : just above bulb of heels
INFERTILITY IN COWS: AP at YungChi gave excellent results. YungChi is 5 finger-widths on either side of the spine, between lumbar vertebrae 5-6.
FURTHER READING MATERIAL
AP textbooks and Symposium Proceedings are available from Acumedic, 103 Camden High Street, London, UK.