Rating |
Author / Textbook |
1.0 |
Anon (19--) Points recommended by Kyung Hee Univ Korea (cited by Shenberger 1980) |
1.0 |
Anon (1973) Ear AP a Chinese Medical Report. Rodale Press. Emmaus Pennsylvania (cited in Shenberger 1980) |
1.0 |
Anon (1973) Newest Illustrations of the AP Points (Charts & Booklet). Med & Health Publ Co. Hongkong. 100pp. |
1.0 |
Anon (1974) China's new Needling Treatment. Med & Health Publ Co. Hongkong. 80pp. |
1.0 |
Anon (1974) Principles & Practical Use of AP Anaesthesia. Med & Health Publ Co. Hongkong. 325pp. |
1.0 |
Anon (1975) Outline of Chinese AP. (Acad TCM) Foreign Languages Press. Beijing. 305pp. |
0.8 |
Anon (1975) Proc 3rd World Symposium on AP & Chin Med. NY. (Amer J Chin Med. 3 Supp#1). 54pp. |
1.0 |
Anon (1975) Summaries of Rep of China (Taiwan) Delegation to 4th World Congress of AP. 136pp. |
1.0 |
Anon (1977) Basic AP: Scientific Interpretation & Application. Chin AP Res Found. 84-223 Taipei ROC. 313pp. |
1.0 |
Anon (1979) Abstr from Symposium on AP Moxa & APA (Beijing) & Prof Bossy's Synthesis (Doin Ed. Paris). 286pp. |
1.0 |
Anon (1979) Treatment of 100 Diseases by new AP. Med & Health Publ Co. Hongkong. 89pp. |
1.0 |
Anon (1980) Barefoot Doctor's Manual (Official Paramedical Manual). Running Press. Philadelphia. 948pp. |
1.0 |
Anon (1980) Essentials of Chinese AP. (Coll Trad Med). Foreign Languages Press. Beijing. 432pp. |
1.0 |
Anon (1982) EAP (Body AP Charts). Skylark Instrument Co. Taipei Taiwan ROC. |
1.0 |
Anon (1983) Anatomical Atlas of Chinese AP Points. Shandong Sci & Tech Press. Jinan China. 256pp. |
1.0 |
Anon (c.1980) AP Manual. AP Res Centre. China Med Coll. Taichung Taiwan ROC. 229pp. |
0.7 |
Austin Mary (1972) & Wu Wei P'ing (1973) AP Therapy. Turnstone Books. London. 290pp & Chinese AP. Hlth Sci Press. Northants UK. 181pp. |
1.0 |
Baillie (1975) Personal Communication |
1.0 |
Callehr H (1976) AP in Psychosomatic Medicine: Diagnostic & Therapeutic Standards. AJA 2 101-. |
0.8 |
Chaitow Leon (1976) AP Treatment of Pain. Thorsons Publ. Wellingborough Northants UK. 160pp. |
1.0 |
Chan Pedro (1975) Finger Acupressure. Price Stern Sloan Publ. LA California. 92pp. |
1.0 |
Chan Pedro (1976) EAP: Clinical Application in Therapy. (Cited by Shenberger 1980) |
1.0 |
Chan Pedro (1977) Ear Acupressure. Price Stern Sloan Publ. LA California. 109pp. |
1.0 |
Chang ST (1976) Complete Book of AP. Celestial Arts. Milbrae California. 244pp. |
1.0 |
Cheong WC & Yang CP (1976) Synopsis of Chinese AP. Light Publ Co. Hongkong. 128pp. |
1.0 |
Chung Chien (1983) Ahshih Point: Illustrated Diagnostic Guide to Clinical AP. Chen Kwan Books 5-2-1f Chungching S. Road. Taipei ROC. 212pp. |
1.0 |
Fox WW (1975) Arthritis & allied conditions: A new & successful Approach. Ranelagh Press. Hampstead London. 61pp. |
0.9 |
Hanson NA (19--) The AP formulary of Antiquity (cited in Shenberger 1980) |
0.8 |
Houston FM (1974) Healing Benefits of Acupressure. Keats Publ Inc. New Canaan Connecticut. 96pp. |
0.9 |
Hwang PTK; Wong JSL & Chan PCP (1975) AP made easy. AP Res Inst. Chan's Books. Alhambra California. 97pp. |
1.0 |
Hyodo M & Kitade T (1980) Guide to Silver Spike Point Electrotherapy. Dept Anaesthes. Osaka Med Coll Japan. 212pp. |
1.0 |
Hyodo M (1980) Recent Advances in AP Treatment. Dept Anaesthes. Osaka Med Coll Japan. 245pp. |
1.0 |
Kao FF & JJ (1973) AP Therapeutics. Eastern Press. New Haven Connecticut. 98pp. |
1.0 |
Lau PB (No date) Explanatory Manual of AP. Hampton Gen Hospital. Hampton Virginia USA. |
0.8 |
Lavier J (1974) Points of Chinese AP. Health Sci Press. Wellingborough Northants UK. 115pp. |
0.6 |
Lawson-Wood D & J (1973) AP Handbook. Health Sci Press. Wellingborough Northants UK. 141pp. |
1.0 |
Lee IJ & Lee TDH (1975) AP Atlas. Lycee Trading Corp. Melville NY. 203pp. |
1.0 |
Lee Jane F & Cheung CS (1978) Current AP Therapy. Med Interflow Publ House. Hongkong. 408pp. |
1.0 |
Lu Henry C (1974) Complete Textbook of Auricular AP. Acad Oriental Heritage. Vancouver Canada. 250pp. |
0.8 |
Manaka Y & Urquhart IA (1973) Quick & easy Chinese Massage. Japan Publ Trading Co. 1255 Howard St. San Francisco 31pp. |
1.0 |
Mann Felix (1974) Meridians of AP. William Heinemann Med Books. London. 174pp. |
0.8 |
Mann Felix (1974) Treatment of Disease by AP. William Heinemann Med Books. London. 202pp. |
1.0 |
Matsumoto Teruo (1973) AP for Physicians. Charles C Thomas. Springfield Illinois. 202pp. |
0.9 |
Meeker CAN (19--) Chinese AP for students and practitioners (cited in Shenberger 1980) |
0.9 |
Moss Louis (1972) AP and You. Paul Elek Books. London. 196pp. |
0.8 |
Namikoshi Tokujiro (1974) Shiatsu. Japan Publ Trading Co. San Francisco California. 81pp. |
0.8 |
Niboyet JEH et al (1973) l'Anaesthesie par l'Acupuncture. Maisonneuve Saint Ruffine France. 433pp. |
1.0 |
O'Connor J & Bensky D (1983) AP: A Comprehensive Text. Shanghai Coll of Trad Med. Eastland Press. Chicago. 750pp. |
1.0 |
Patterson Margaret (1975) Addictions can be cured. Lion Publ Co. Berkhamsted Herts UK. 95pp. |
1.0 |
Rogers PAM (1983) The Taiwan Report. Acup Res Quarterly (Taipei) 7; 45-60. -- --- and unpublished notes. |
1.0 |
Shen Chou Ai; Stenbaeck L; Hammond GL & Clausen T (1973) Practical AP. FADL Publ House Copenhagen. 160pp. |
1.0 |
Shenberger RM (1980) AP Therapy Prescription Index. Shenco 205 Pinecroft Drive. Roselle Illinois 60172 USA. |
1.0 |
Shui Wae (1976) A Research in AP & its Clinical Practice. Commercial press Ltd. Hongkong. 231pp. |
1.0 |
Silverstein ME; Chang IL & Macon N (1975) Handbook for Barefoot Doctors of China. Schocken Books. NY. 372pp. |
1.0 |
Tan L; Tan MYC & Veith I (1973) AP therapy. Temple Univ Press (cited by Shenberger 1980) |
1.0 |
Travell JG & Simons DG(1983) Myofascial Pain & Dysfunction: Trigger Point Manual. Williams & Wilkins. Baltimore. 713 pp. |
0.9 |
Turner Roger N & Low Royston H (1982) Principles & Practice of Moxa. Thorson's Publ. Wellingborough Northants UK. 95pp. |
1.0 |
Ulett (1982) Principles and Practice of Physiological AP. Warren Greene Inc. 8356 Olive blvd. Missouri 63132. 220pp. |
1.0 |
Van Nghi Nguyen (1971) Pathogenie et Pathologie Energetiques en Med Chinoise. Imprim Ecole don Bosco. Marseille. 699pp. |
1.0 |
Warren FZ & Fischman WI (1980) Sexual AP & Acupressure. Unwin Paperbacks (London Boston Sydney). 238pp. |
1.0 |
Wong & Law (1982) Chinese AP Handbook. Light Publ Co. Hongkong. 150pp. |
1.0 |
Amer J Acup (USA) (1975) Vol. 1, 2, 3, 4 |
1.0 |
Amer J Acup (USA) (1976) Vol. 1, 2, -, 4 |
1.0 |
Amer J Acup (USA) (1977) Vol. -, 2, 3, 4 |
1.0 |
Amer J Acup (USA) (1978) Vol. 1, 2, 3, 4 |
1.0 |
Amer J Acup (USA) (1979) Vol. 1, 2, 3, 4 |
1.0 |
Amer J Acup (USA) (1980) Vol. 1, 2, 3, 4 |
1.0 |
Amer J Acup (USA) (1981) Vol. 1, 2, 3, 4 |
1.0 |
Amer J Acup (USA) (1982) Vol. 1, 2, 3, 4 |
1.0 |
Amer J Acup (USA) (1983) Vol. 1, 2, 3, 4 |
1.0 |
Amer J Acup (USA) (1984) Vol. 1, 2, 3, 4 |
1.0 |
Anon (1982-1984) ex Shanghai J Acup & Moxib. |
1.0 |
Anon (from the journals) |
1.0 |
Anon (from the journals) |
1.0 |
Anon (from the journals) |
1.0 |
Anon (from the journals) |
1.0 |
Anon (from the journals) |
1.0 |
Anon (from the journals) |
1.0 |
Anon (from the journals) |
Table 2. Primary clinical indications for GV26 in the
ADA Database. The number of references to the point, and its citation score for the given indication are shown. The best clinical indications are probably those with a high number of references and / or a high citation score.
N_Refs |
Score |
Clinical indications |
39 |
0.851 |
Emergencies: general point for all acute emergencies |
25 |
0.780 |
Emergency: coma; illness_acute/sudden, as in CVA, head injury, drug overdose, unconscious, haemorrhage |
11 |
0.906 |
Emergency: fainting, shock, syncope, vertigo during treatment; syncope_vagal |
30 |
0.850 |
Emergency: overdose_alcohol/drug; shock_circulatory; collapse; prostration; shock |
4 |
1.000 |
emergency: shock_electric; electrocution |
7 |
0.714 |
emergency: shock_toxaemic/septic |
7 |
1.000 |
emergency: shock_haemorrhagic |
4 |
1.000 |
emergency: anaphylaxis; serum sickness; shock_allergic; transfusion reaction |
18 |
0.838 |
emergency: heat prostration; heatstroke; shock_circulatory from heat; sunstroke |
6 |
0.696 |
emergency: atrial fibrillation; cardiac arrest; heart attack; heart failure |
11 |
0.583 |
emergency: apnoea; asphyxia; respiratory emergencies; respiratory failure; respiratory collapse |
9 |
0.605 |
emergency: hypoxia; poisoning by gas, carbon monoxide |
11 |
0.462 |
emergency: drowning case |
9 |
0.667 |
emergency: apoplexy; stroke; CVA |
13 |
0.549 |
first aid treatment: blackouts; fainting |
46 |
0.479 |
psyche/mental disorders |
16 |
0.624 |
psyche/mind: schizophrenic |
5 |
0.612 |
psyche/mind: schizophrenic_manic |
19 |
0.425 |
psyche/mind: alternation_happy-sad; delirious; demented; insane; mad; manic |
20 |
0.466 |
psyche/mind: hysteria; hysteric |
8 |
0.671 |
psyche/mind: almost unconscious; stupor |
5 |
0.596 |
brain: encephalitis_virus B |
24 |
0.721 |
cerebrum: apoplexy; cerebrovascular accident ( CVA); congestion; embolism; haemorrhage; multiple sclerosis; stroke; subarachnoid haemorrhage; thrombosis |
5 |
0.800 |
cerebrum: cerebrovascular accident ( CVA)_acute, spastic |
23 |
0.500 |
convulsions: (epileptiform fits; generalised tremors; muscle spasms; tetany; twitching) |
23 |
0.621 |
convulsions: tetany, convulsions_children, acute, chronic |
8 |
0.875 |
convulsions: convulsions_children, acute |
8 |
0.625 |
convulsions: convulsions_children, chronic |
29 |
0.701 |
epilepsy: seizures |
4 |
1.000 |
epilepsy: epilepsy_during attack |
35 |
0.670 |
convulsions, epilepsy, tetanus, tremor |
4 |
0.457 |
face: general points |
4 |
0.541 |
postpartum: shock_obstetric; shock |
4 |
0.500 |
postpartum: convulsion; eclampsia |
6 |
0.696 |
fever_convulsions: convulsions, febrile (esp in children) |
. Secondary and tertiary clinical indications for GV26 in the ADA Database. The number of references to the point, and its citation score for the given indication are shown. The best clinical indications are probably those with a high number of references and / or a high citation score.
N_Refs |
Score |
Clinical indications |
4 |
0.270 |
emergency: anuria; kidney failure |
32 |
0.306 |
first aid |
23 |
0.295 |
first aid treatment: dazzling spells_nausea; dizzy; extremities cold; fainting; pale; sweat cold; syncope; vertigo; vision blurred |
11 |
0.095 |
first aid treatment: dizzy_headache, anaemia, hypertension, hypotension, fluid loss; fainting; syncope; vertigo |
7 |
0.156 |
first aid treatment: travel-sickness (air, car, sea, train); motion sickness_fainting, dizzy |
54 |
0.152 |
head & its organs/functions |
9 |
0.111 |
psyche/mind (to calm): to release pent-up emotions; excitement; intolerant; irritable; sensitive_Xs |
4 |
0.263 |
psyche/mind: anger alternating with joy; laughing & crying |
15 |
0.145 |
psyche/mind: desire to kill; psychopathy; psychosis |
11 |
0.098 |
psyche/mind: psychosis, depressive |
21 |
0.191 |
psyche/mind: bored; depressed; despair; gloom; introverted; melancholy; sad; sighing |
6 |
0.185 |
psyche/mind: hallucinations; illusions |
17 |
0.409 |
psyche/mind: cerebral weakness; confused; disorientation; idiocy_brain damage; mental retardation; mental cloudiness; psychical weakness; to clear mind |
8 |
0.139 |
addictions: detoxification; drunk withdrawal symptoms: alcoholism, hangover, delirium tremens |
53 |
0.175 |
brain, its functions & parts, meninges, polio, convulsions, memory, tetanus, CVA |
5 |
0.200 |
cerebrum: cerebrovascular accident ( CVA)_acute, paretic |
35 |
0.056 |
cerebrum, CVA, poliomyelitis: cerebrovascular accident, infantile paralysis_chronic (sequel); hemiplegia; palsy; quadriplegia |
12 |
0.418 |
cerebrum: anaemia; arteriosclerosis, collagen vascular disease; cerebral ischaemia |
8 |
0.370 |
cerebrum: cerebral palsy; spastic paralysis |
4 |
0.250 |
epilepsy: epilepsy_between attacks |
11 |
0.186 |
tetanus: general points |
7 |
0.131 |
pituitary, hypothalamus: general points |
19 |
0.157 |
brain, cerebrum, cerebellum, meninges |
5 |
0.222 |
head: oedema |
49 |
0.074 |
headache, head pain, neuralgia: general points |
31 |
0.030 |
sinuses: general points for sinusitis, sinus_pain |
49 |
0.367 |
face, cheek (neuralgia, paralysis) |
39 |
0.305 |
face: facial muscle spasm; neuralgia; pain; rheumatism; tic douleureux; trigeminal neuralgia |
20 |
0.250 |
face, maxilla: maxillary sinusitis; pain; spasm; swelling in jaw upper; trigeminal neuralgia middle (maxillary) branch |
36 |
0.329 |
face: Bell's palsy; facial hemiplegia; facial n paralysis; numb |
12 |
0.084 |
face: Bell's palsy, upper (optic) branch - nasolabial groove shallow; facial n paralysis |
8 |
0.355 |
face: Bell's palsy, middle (maxillary) branch - upper nasolabial groove stretched; facial n paralysis |
8 |
0.122 |
face: Bell's palsy, lower (mandibular) branch - lower labial groove stretched; facial n paralysis |
17 |
0.247 |
face: allergy; anaphylaxis; congestion; flushed; inflammation; oedema; puffy; red; swelling |
10 |
0.281 |
eye muscles: fatigue; nystagmus; spasm; strain; tremor; twitch |
19 |
0.092 |
eye muscles: eye deviation; ocular m paralysis; squint; strabismus |
7 |
0.154 |
eye, eyelid: blepharoptosis; drooping; eye distorted; palsy; paralysis |
10 |
0.094 |
nose: nasal polyps; nose_polyps |
36 |
0.029 |
nose: influenza, colds; anaphylaxis; hayfever; nasal catarrh; rhinitis; rhinitis_allergic; rhinorrhoea |
22 |
0.088 |
nose: epistaxis; nose bleeds; nose_haemorrhage |
15 |
0.064 |
larynx: laryngitis; larynx_pain |
34 |
0.031 |
hearing: deaf; deaf_sensorineural; hearing impaired |
32 |
0.023 |
hearing: bourdonnements; tinnitus |
36 |
0.029 |
ear: balance_loss of; dizziness; Meniere's disease; vertigo |
22 |
0.267 |
lip, oral muscles |
14 |
0.415 |
lip, mouth: atony; deviation; distortion; numb; paralysis |
6 |
0.164 |
mouth: general points |
26 |
0.171 |
mouth: aphthae; cellulitis; herpes simplex; moniliasis; neuralgia; pain (including tumour/cancer pain); sores; stomatitis; stomatocace; thrush; ulcers |
28 |
0.150 |
mouth |
8 |
0.256 |
tooth, gum: APA for dentistry; extractions; oral surgery; submucosal resection |
36 |
0.105 |
tooth: dental pain, neuralgia_pathological, referred or postoperative; toothache |
14 |
0.132 |
gum: pain; swelling, haemorrhage, haematoma_trauma, postoperative; ulcers |
17 |
0.112 |
gum: gingivitis; haemorrhage; pain |
10 |
0.211 |
tooth, upper |
6 |
0.182 |
tongue: general points |
15 |
0.072 |
tongue: cellulitis; glossitis; pain; swelling; ulcers |
16 |
0.067 |
tongue, mouth: dehydration; polydipsia; thirst |
20 |
0.158 |
salivary glands: drooling; ptyalism; salivation_Xs; sialorrhoea |
33 |
0.030 |
aphasia_hysteric; slurred speech; spasm; speech difficult; speechless; tongue numb; tongue paralysis |
33 |
0.030 |
speech, tongue: alogia; atony; articulation difficult; dumb; dumb_terror; dumb_shock; dysphasia; hypoglossal/sublingual n paralysis; mutism |
25 |
0.313 |
maxilla |
28 |
0.257 |
jaw, masseter m: can't open mouth; lockjaw; mandibular n spasm; spasm; tetanus; tooth grinding; trismus |
39 |
0.184 |
mandible |
37 |
0.059 |
Temporomandibular joint, masseter |
33 |
0.263 |
maxilla, mandible |
46 |
0.023 |
neck, neck vertebrae: arthralgia; arthritis; cervical neuralgia, spasm; cervical spine pain; disc; fibrositis; neck rigid; neck_moving difficult; pain |
46 |
0.023 |
pain referred to arm; rheumatism; spinal radiculitis; spondylitis; sprain; stiff; torticollis |
7 |
0.292 |
thoracic limb: cold (in chills, shock, cholera, nausea, vomiting) |
7 |
0.138 |
thorax & its parts: general points for thorax, chest, ribs |
23 |
0.044 |
costae, ribs: costal pain; neuralgia; trauma |
37 |
0.028 |
back, dorsal area, thoracic spine: arched; arthralgia; arthritis; chills; curvature; disc disease; hyperextension; inflammation; kyphosis; neuralgia; opisthotonus; pain; rheumatism; scoliosis; spasm; spinal radiculitis; spondylitis; sprain; |
4 |
0.231 |
thoracic (back, dorsal), thoracic spine area: general points for arched back; hyperextension; inflammation; neuralgia; scoliosis; spondylitis; stiff; trauma |
9 |
0.118 |
heart: bradycardia; slow |
7 |
0.149 |
blood pressure, circulation, peripheral circulation: general points |
33 |
0.025 |
blood pressure: essential hypertension; high BP; hypertension; ventricular, left hypertrophy |
17 |
0.174 |
blood pressure: hypotension; low BP |
22 |
0.173 |
oedema: fluid retention |
8 |
0.123 |
blood: bone marrow problems; chloropenia, aplastic anaemia; chlorosis |
16 |
0.066 |
lung, bronchi, trachea: general points for respiratory diseases |
43 |
0.024 |
bronchi, lung: asthma; bronchial asthma; bronchiectasis; bronchitis; bronchospasm; dyspnoea; emphysema; gasping; respiration difficult; shortage of breath; wheezing |
15 |
0.071 |
respiration: difficult; dyspnoea; gasping; laboured; panting; rapid breathing; shortage of breath |
33 |
0.095 |
diaphragm: contracture; hiccup; musculophrenic spasm; spasm |
30 |
0.031 |
abdomen: pain; bellyache; neuralgia |
28 |
0.111 |
thoracolumbar area, spine & back; post trunk: arthralgia; arthritis; backache; chills; neuralgia; pain; spasm; sprain; stiff; trauma; trauma |
48 |
0.212 |
lumbar-renal-loin area: arthralgia; arthritis; fatigue; lowback syndrome; lumbago; myalgia; neuralgia; pain; rheumatism; spasm; spondylitis; sprain; trauma |
22 |
0.048 |
bileduct: ascariasis; biliary roundworms (to release); obstruction; pain |
25 |
0.155 |
blood glucose: diabetes mellitus; hyperglycaemia |
28 |
0.139 |
pancreas, diabetes mellitus, hypo- & hyper- glycaemia |
26 |
0.040 |
nausea |
6 |
0.185 |
vomiting, gastralgia: from overeating in children |
13 |
0.080 |
diarrhoea: in children, infants |
14 |
0.076 |
intestine, stomach: ascariasis; parasitism; roundworms |
30 |
0.029 |
anus: haemorrhoids; pain; piles; pruritus: bleeding |
39 |
0.027 |
menstruation: cramp; dysmenorrhoea; menorrhalgia; pain |
18 |
0.113 |
pelvic limb: Buerger's disease; chills; circulation poor; gangrene; ischaemia; sensation_cold, ice-cold |
40 |
0.026 |
leg/calf: claudication, intermittent; cramp; gastrocnemius spasm; ischaemia; lame; neuralgia; pain; spasm |
25 |
0.041 |
leg/calf: atony; fatigue; gastrocnemius, soleus atrophy; numb; paralysis; weak; weary |
36 |
0.170 |
fever, hyperthermia, pyretic diseases: general antifebrile points |
12 |
0.085 |
fever: fever_high: hyperpyrexia; hyperthermia |
12 |
0.225 |
cholera: |
11 |
0.093 |
blood circulation, Buerger's disease, circulation impeded, frostbite, gangrene, ischaemia, snakebite, thromboangiitis obliterans: general points |
5 |
0.188 |
to balance Yang Organs & Channels: |
Table 4. Codes, names, translations and locations of the 124
Channel Points listed in the bibliography.
Point Code in ADA |
Point Name in Pinyin |
Point name in Wade-Gilles |
Translation |
Point Location |
BL01 |
Jingming |
Chingming |
Bright Eyes |
just above med canthus of eye |
BL02 |
Zanzhu |
Tsanchu |
Bamboo Gathering |
med end of eyebrow |
BL10 |
Tianzhu |
Tienchu |
Celestial Pillar |
lat edge of trapezius m, on natural hairline of occiput |
BL12 |
Fengmen |
Fengmen |
Wind Gate |
1.5' from GV line, level with T2-T3 space |
BL13 |
Feishu |
Feishu |
Lung Shu |
1.5' lat to GV12, level with T3-T4 space |
BL15 |
Xinshu |
Hsinshu |
Heart Shu |
1.5' lat to GV11, level with T5-T6 space |
BL16 |
Dushu |
Tushu |
Governing Shu |
1.5' lat to GV10, level with T6-T7 space |
BL17 |
Geshu |
Keshu |
Diaphragm Shu |
1.5' lat to GV09, level with T7-T8 space |
BL18 |
Ganshu |
Kanshu |
Liver Shu |
1.5' lat to GV08, level with T9-T10 space |
BL19 |
Danshu |
Tanshu |
Gallbladder Shu |
1.5' lat to GV07, level with T10-T11 space |
BL20 |
Pishu |
Pishu |
Spleen Shu |
1.5' lat to GV06, level with T11-T12 space |
BL21 |
Weishu |
Weishu |
Stomach Shu |
1.5' from GV line, level with T12-L1 space |
BL22 |
Sanjiaoshu |
Sanchiaoshu |
Triple Burner Shu |
1.5' lat to GV05, level with L1-L2 space |
BL23 |
Shenshu |
Shenshu |
Kidney Shu |
1.5' lat to GV04, level with L2-L3 space |
BL24 |
Qihaishu |
Chihaishu |
Sea-of-Qi Shu |
1.5' from GV line, level with L3-L4 space |
BL25 |
Dachangshu |
Tachangshu |
Large Intestine Shu |
1.5' lat to GV03, level with L4-L5 space |
BL26 |
Guanyuanshu |
Kuanyuanshu |
Origin Pass Shu |
1.5' from GV line, level with L5-S1 (lumbosacral) space |
BL29 |
Zhonglushu |
Chunglushu |
Central Backbone Shu |
1.5' from GV line, level with S3-S4 space, just lat to sacral foramen 3 |
BL31 |
Shangliao |
Shangliao |
Upper Bone-Hole |
0.75' from GV line, on med edge of sacral foramen 1 |
BL32 |
Ciliao |
Tzuliao |
Second Bone-Hole |
0.75' from GV line, on med edge of sacral foramen 2 |
BL39 |
Weiyang |
Weiyang |
Bend Yang |
lat side of popliteal fossa, lat to BL40, on med side of biceps femoris tendon |
BL40 |
Weizhong |
Weichung |
Bend Middle |
centre of popliteal fossa |
BL54 |
Zhibian |
Chihpien |
Sequential Limit |
3' lat to GV02, level with sacrococcygeal space |
BL60 |
Kunlun |
Kunlun |
Kunlun Mountains |
between tendo achilles & lat malleolus (directly opposite KI03) |
BL62 |
Shenmai |
Shenmo |
Extending Vessel |
hollow below lat malleolus |
CV01 |
Huiyin |
Huiyin |
Meeting of Yin |
CV line, between anus & scrotum-vulva |
CV02 |
Qugu |
Chuku |
Curved Bone |
CV line, just above pubic symphysis, 5' below CV08 |
CV03 |
Zhongji |
Chungchi |
Central Pole |
CV line, 1' above pubic symphysis, 4' below CV08 |
CV04 |
Guanyuan |
Kuanyuan |
Origin Pass |
CV line, 2' above pubic symphysis, 3' below CV08 |
CV06 |
Qihai |
Chihai |
Sea of Qi |
CV line, 3.5' above pubic symphysis, 1.5' below CV08 |
CV08 |
Shenque, Qizhong |
Shenchueh, chichung |
Spirit Gate, Navel Centre |
CV line, mid-navel (forbidden to needle), shenchueh |
CV12 |
Zhongwan |
Chungwan |
Central Venter |
CV line, 4' above CV08, or midway from CV08 to sternoxiphoid junction |
CV14 |
Juque |
Chuchueh |
Great Tower Gate |
CV line, 6' above CV08, 2' below sternoxiphoid junction |
CV15 |
Jiuwei |
Chiuwei |
Turtledove Tail |
CV line, at tip of xiphoid process |
CV17 |
Tanzhong |
Shanchung |
Chest Centre |
CV line, midway between nipples, level with intercostal space 4 |
CV22 |
Tiantu |
Tientu |
Celestial Chimney |
CV line, hollow 0.5' above supra-sternal notch |
CV23 |
Lianquan |
Lienchuan |
Ridge Spring |
CV line, on sup edge of hyoid bone, above laryngeal prominence |
CV24 |
Chengjiang |
Chengchiang |
Sauce Receptacle |
CV line, in centre of mento-labial groove, just below lower lip |
GB02 |
Tinghui |
Tinghui |
Auditory Convergence |
post edge of condyloid process of mandible, ant to intertragic notch, in hollow when mouth open |
GB09 |
Tianchong |
Tienchung |
Celestial Hub |
0.5' behind GB08, 2' inside hairline, |
GB12 |
Wangu |
Wanku |
Completion Bone |
hollow at post inf part of mastoid process of temporal bone |
GB13 |
Benshen |
Penshen |
Root Spirit |
0.5' inside frontal hairline, directly above lat canthus of eye |
GB14 |
Yangbai |
Yangpai |
Yang White |
directly above mid-pupil, 1' above centre of eyebrow |
GB20 |
Fengchi |
Fengchih |
Wind Pool |
hollow between trapezius & sternocleidomastoid ms, below occipital process, level with GV16 |
GB21 |
Jianjing |
Chienching |
Shoulder Well |
highest point of trapezius m, midway from tip of acromion to spine C7 |
GB30 |
Huantiao |
Huaniao |
Jumping Round |
behind head of femur, 1/3 way from great trochanter to sacrococcygeal space |
GB31 |
Fengshi |
Fengshih |
Wind Market |
7' above popliteal crease, just behind femur, where middle finger touches lat thigh when arms at sides |
GB34 |
Yanglingquan |
Yanglingchuan |
Yang Mound Spring |
between fibula & tibia, in hollow ant inf to proximal head of fibula |
GB39 |
Xuanzhong |
Hsuanchung |
Suspended Bell |
hollow 3' above tip of lat malleolus, between post edge fibula & tendons of peroneus longus & brevis ms |
GV01 |
Changqiang |
Changchiang |
Long Strong |
GV line, at tip of coccyx, between coccyx and anus |
GV03 |
Yaoyangguan |
Yangkuan |
Lumbar Yang Pass |
GV line, L4-L5 space (one space above lumbosacral space) |
GV04 |
Mingmen |
Mingmen |
Life Gate |
GV line, L2-L3 space |
GV06 |
Jizhong |
Chichung |
Spinal Centre |
GV line, T11-T12 space |
GV14 |
Dazhui |
Tachui |
Great Hammer |
GV line, C7-T1 space (spine T1 is the first high one) |
GV15 |
Yamen |
Yamen |
Mute's Gate |
GV line, 0.5' below GV16, on occipital hairline |
GV16 |
Fengfu |
Fengfu |
Wind Mansion |
GV line, hollow just below occipital protuberance, 1' above hairline |
GV18 |
Qiangjian |
Chiangchien |
Unyielding Space |
GV line, 1.5' above GV17, midway from GV16 to GV20 |
GV20 |
Baihui |
Paihui |
Hundred Convergences |
GV line, 7' above occipital hairline, on top of head, 5' behind frontal hairline |
GV23 |
Shangxing |
Shanghsing |
Upper Star |
GV line, 1' above frontal hairline |
GV24 |
Shenting |
Shenting |
Spirit Court |
GV line, on frontal hairline |
GV25 |
Suliao |
Suliao |
White Bone-Hole |
GV line, hollow on tip of nose |
GV26 |
Shuigou |
Jenchung |
Water Trough |
GV line, just above centre of nasal philtrum |
GV28 |
Yinjiao |
Yinchiao |
Gum Intersection |
GV line, on frenulum of upper lip |
HT01 |
Jiquan |
Chichuan |
Highest Spring |
centre of axilla, med to axillary a |
HT03 |
Shaohai |
Shaohai |
Lesser Sea |
med end of elbow crease, with elbow flexed |
HT05 |
Tongli |
Tungli |
Connecting Li |
1' above distal wrist crease, on ulnar side of flexor carpi ulnaris m |
HT07 |
Shenmen |
Shenmen |
Spirit Gate |
wrist crease, on radial side of flexor carpi ulnaris, between ulna & pisiform |
HT09 |
Shaochong |
Shaochung |
Lesser Surge |
0.1' from post edge of nail root of finger 5, radial side |
KI01 |
Yongquang |
Yungchuan |
Gushing Spring |
foot sole, in hollow between metatarsals 2-3, between pad of toes 1, 2 & pad of toes 3, 4, 5 |
KI03 |
Taixi |
Taihsi |
Great Ravine |
between tendo achilles & med malleolus (directly opposite BL60) |
KI06 |
Zhaohai |
Chaohai |
Shining Sea |
hollow 1' below inf edge of med malleolus |
KI13 |
Qixue |
Chihsueh |
Qi Hole |
0.5' lat to CV04, 3' below CV08 |
LI03 |
Sanjian |
Sanchien |
Third Space |
hand dorsum, distal end of 2nd metacarpal, radial side |
LI04 |
Hegu |
Hoku |
Union Valley |
hand dorsum, between metacarpals 1-2, midway down 2nd metacarpal |
LI05 |
Yangxi |
Yanghsi |
Yang Ravine |
snuff box' at wrist, between tendons of extensor pollucis brevis & longus ms |
LI10 |
Shousanli |
Shousanli |
Arm Three Li |
10' above 'snuff box' (LI05), 2' below lat end of elbow crease (LI11) |
LI11 |
Quchi |
Chuchih |
Pool at the Bend |
lat end elbow crease, midway from biceps brachii tendon to lat epicondyle of humerus |
LI13 |
Shouwuli |
Wuli |
Arm Five Li |
3' above lat end of elbow crease |
LI15 |
Jianyu |
Chienyu |
Shoulder Bone |
ant hollow at ant edge acromioclavicular joint |
LI17 |
Tianding |
Tienting |
Celestial Tripod |
1' above centre of supraclavicular fossa at post edge sternocleidomastoid m between LI18 & ST12 |
LI18 |
Futu |
Futu |
Protuberance Assistant |
3' lat to centre of laryngeal prominence, between heads of sternocleidomastoid m |
LI19 |
Kouheliao |
Holiao |
Grain Bone-Hole |
0.5' lat to point just above midpoint of philtrum (GV26) |
LU01 |
Zhongfu |
Chungfu |
Central Treasury |
near coracoid process in lat part of intercostal space 1 |
LU05 |
Chize |
Chihtse |
Cubit Marsh |
radial edge of biceps tendon in elbow crease. |
LU06 |
Kongzui |
Kungtsui |
Collection Hole |
5' below LU05 (elbow)), 7' above LU09 (wrist) |
LU07 |
Lieque |
Liehchueh |
Broken Sequence |
above radial styloid process, 1.5' above distal wrist crease |
LU11 |
Shaoshang |
Shaoshang |
Lesser Shang |
0.1' from post edge of nail root of thumb, radial side |
LV03 |
Taichong |
Taichung |
Great Surge |
foot dorsum, in hollow below proximal heads metatarsals 1-2 |
LV11 |
Yinlian |
Yinlien |
Yin Corner |
med thigh, on lat edge of long abductor m, 2' below ST30 |
LV13 |
Zhangman |
Changmen |
Camphorwood Gate |
mid-axillary line, just below tip of rib 11 (2nd last, floating) |
PC03 |
Quze |
Chutse |
Marsh at the Bend |
elbow crease, at ulnar side of biceps brachii tendon |
PC04 |
Ximen |
Hsimen |
Cleft-Xi Gate |
7' below PC03 (ulnar side of biceps brachii tendon at elbow crease), 5' above PC09 (wrist) |
PC05 |
Jianshi |
Chienshih |
Intermediary Courier |
3' above PC09 (wrist), between tendons of palmaris longus & flexor carpi radialis ms |
PC06 |
Neiguan |
Neikuan |
Inner Pass |
2' above wrist crease, between tendons of palmaris longus & flexor carpi radialis ms |
PC07 |
Daling |
Taling |
Great Mound |
wrist crease, between tendons of palmaris longus & flexor carpi radials ms |
PC08 |
Laogong |
Laokung |
Palace of Toil |
between metacarpals 2-3, where middle finger touches when fist clenched |
PC09 |
Zhongchong |
Chungchung |
Central Hub |
centre of tip of middle finger (some texts: 0.1' from post edge of nail root, radial edge) |
SI03 |
Houxi |
Houhsi |
Back Ravine |
junction of hand dorsum & palm, at ulnar edge of hand, proximal to distal head of metacarpal 5 |
SI06 |
Yanglao |
Yanglao |
Nursing the Aged |
forearm dorsum, in bony cleft on radial side of ulnar styloid, above distal head of ulna |
SI07 |
Zhizheng |
Chihcheng |
Branch to the Correct |
forearm dorsum, on radial side of ulna, 5' above SI05 (wrist), 7' below SI08 (olecranon) |
SI08 |
Xiaohai |
Hsiaohai |
Small Sea |
between med epicondyle of humerus & olecranon of ulna (the 'funny bone' point) |
SP01 |
Yinbai |
Yinpai |
Hidden White |
0.1' from post edge of nail root toe 1 (big), med side |
SP04 |
Gongsun |
Kungsun |
Yellow Emperor |
med side, ant int edge of metatarsal 1, 1' proximal to metatarsal-phalangeal joint |
SP06 |
Sanyinjiao |
Sanyinchiao |
Three Yin Intersection |
post edge of tibia, 3' above med malleolus |
SP09 |
Yinlingquan |
Yinglingchuan |
Yin Mound Spring |
inf edge of med condyle of tibia, 3' below patella, between tibia & gastrocnemius m, 1' ant to LV07 |
SP10 |
Xuehai |
Hsuehhai |
Blood Sea |
2' above med sup edge of patella, on bulge of quadriceps femoris m, knee flexed |
SP12 |
Chongmen |
Chungmen |
Surging Gate |
3.5' lat to sup edge of pubic symphysis, 2/3 way from symphysis to ant sup iliac spine |
ST04 |
Dicang |
Titsang |
Earth Granary |
below mid-pupil, in groove lat to oral canthus |
ST06 |
Jiache |
Chiache |
Jawbone |
masseter m, 1' on line from angle of jaw to nasal wing |
ST08 |
Touwei |
Touwei |
Head Corner |
meeting of vertical & horizontal hairline in front of temple |
ST09 |
Renying |
Jenying |
Man's Prognosis |
lat to laryngeal prominence, behind carotid a |
ST25 |
Tianshu |
Tienshu |
Celestial Pivot |
2' lat to CV08, level with CV08 |
ST31 |
Biguan |
Pikuan |
Thigh Joint |
hollow just below ant sup spine of ilium on lat side of sartorius m (leg flexed) |
ST36 |
Zusanli |
Tsusanli |
Leg Three Li |
1' lat to ant tibial crest, 3' below hollow lat to patellar ligament (ST35) |
ST37 |
Shangjuxu |
Shangchuhsu |
Upper Great Hollow |
1' lat to ant tibial crest, 6' below hollow lat to patellar ligament (ST35) |
ST39 |
Xiajuxu |
Hsiachuhsu |
Lower Great Hollow |
1' lat to ant tibial crest, 9' below hollow lat to patellar ligament (ST35) |
ST40 |
Fenglong |
Fenglung |
Bountiful Bulge |
8' above ant edge of lat malleolus, 2' lat to tibia (1' lat to ST38) |
ST44 |
Neiting |
Neiting |
Inner Court |
foot dorsum, in web between toes 2-3, in hollow lat & distal to metatarso phalangeal joint 2 |
TH02 |
Yiemen |
Yemen |
Humour Gate |
hand dorsum, in web between fingers 4-5 |
TH03 |
Zhongzhu |
Chungchu |
Central Islet |
hand dorsum, between metacarpals 4-5, 1' above TH02 |
TH04 |
Yangchi |
Yangchih |
Yang Pool |
centre of dorsal wrist crease, at ulnar side of common digital extensor |
TH05 |
Waiguan |
Waikuan |
Outer Pass |
forearm dorsum, 2' above wrist crease, between radius & ulna |
TH06 |
Zhigou |
Chihkou |
Branch Ditch |
forearm dorsum, 3' above wrist crease, between radius & ulna |
TH17 |
Yifeng |
Yifeng |
Wind Screen |
hollow between mastoid process & mandible, covered by earlobe |
Extra (non-Channel) Points listed in the bibliography.
Point Code in ADA |
Point Name in Pinyin |
Point name in Wade-Gilles |
Translation |
Point Location |
||||
? |
? |
? |
2" below GB27 |
|||||
? |
|
Ghost Points |
There are 13 Guixue-Ghost Points (GV26, LU11, SP01, PC07, BL62, GV16, ST06, CV24, PC08 or PC05, GV23, CV01, LU05 or LI11, Sublingual midline) |
|||||
? |
? |
? |
Midway between LI04 and LI03, between the middle of metacarpal 2 and the distal head, on the radial-palmar side of the bone |
|||||
? |
? |
? |
? |
|||||
? |
Chinghsueh, Tinghsueh |
Well Points |
There are 12 Jing-Well points, each the most distal point on its Channel. There are 6 Jing-Well points on each hand (LU11, LI01, HT09, SI01, PC09, TH01) and 6 on each foot (ST45, SP01, BL67, KI01, GB44, LV01) |
|||||
? |
? |
? |
? same as H_12 or H_01 ? |
|||||
? |
Shiherhchinghsueh |
Twelve Well Points |
See Jing-Well points |
|||||
? |
Weichien |
Tail Tip |
In animals only; at the distal tip of the tail |
|||||
Shixuan |
Shihhsuan |
Ten Proclamations |
tips of the 10 fingers (originally at post edge of each finger nail) |
|||||
Sifeng |
Szufeng |
Four Seams |
Centre of each proximal joint crease between palm & fingers 2, 3, 4, 5 |
|||||
Weiling* |
Weiling |
? |
hand-dorsum, hollow below union of proximal heads of metacarpals 2-3; same as Yaotong |
|||||
Jingling* |
Chingling |
? Spirit |
hand-dorsum, hollow below union of proximal heads of metacarpals 4-5; same as Yaotong |
|||||
Bizhong* |
Pichung |
Forearm Central |
between radius & ulna, midway from PC07 (centre of palmar wrist crease) to PC03 (centre of elbow crease), 6' above PC07, or 6' below PC03, or 1' above PC04 |
|||||
Yaotongxue |
Yaotunghsueh ? |
Lower Back (Loin & Leg) Connecting Point |
hand dorsum: 2 points per hand: between union of proximal heads of metacarpals 2-3 & 4-5 (same as A_25 & A_26); or between here and transverse wrist crease |
|||||
? |
? |
Sciatic Nerve Point |
hand-dorsum, in web between fingers 4-5, near finger 4; same as A_26 |
|||||
Lineiting* |
Lineiting |
Within (Opposite?) ST44 (Inner Court) |
foot-sole, in hollow below union of proximal heads of metatarsals 2-3 |
|||||
Yinlian |
yinlien |
Yin Corner |
med thigh, on lat edge of long abductor m, 2' below ST30. External Yinlian may be lateral to LV11? |
|||||
Shanghouxi* |
shanghouhsi |
Above (Upper) SI03 (Back Ravine) |
Midway from SI03 to SI04. may be near NA04 |
|||||
Dingchuan |
Tingchuan |
Stop Wheezing, Soothing Asthma |
0.5' lat to GV14 |
|||||
Chuanxi* |
Chuanhsi |
Wheezing ? (Alternative name for Dingchuan, Stop Wheezing) |
1' lat to GV14 |
|||||
Huanzhong* |
huanchung |
Circle's Centre |
midway from GB30-Huantiao to GV02-Yaoshu. Tengzhong may be near X_34 and GB30? |
|||||
Huatuojiaji |
Huatochiachi |
Huatuojiaji Points |
0.5' lat to vertebral spines T1-L5 (17 pairs). (Some texts: C1-S4, 28 pairs) |
|||||
Szushenchung |
Four Intelligences |
4 points, 1' ant, post, & lat to GV20 |
||||||
Yintang |
Yintang |
Seal Hall |
GV line, between eyebrows |
|||||
Shangen? |
Shanken |
Mountain Foot (Root) |
Human : GV line, midway between inner canthi of eyes; Animal: 3 points, one (= GV25) in the GV line between the haired and hairless area on the upper edge of the muzzle, the others at the upper edge of each nostril |
|||||
Shangyingxiang |
Shangyinghsiang |
Above LI20 (Welcome Fragrance) |
0.6' below BL01; is Shangxia Yingxiang the same point as same as Z_14 ? |
|||||
Jinjin +Yuye |
Chinchin + yuyeh |
Gold Fluid (HN12) + Jade Fluid (HN13) |
2 veins on each side of frenulum of tongue |
Table 6. Abbreviations used in the text.
Abbreviation |
Signifies |
Abbreviation |
Signifies |
Acetylcholine |
Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus |
||
Acupuncture Data Assistant (software) from "Ken Mamelund" <mamelund@online.no> |
Heart rate |
||
Atrial fibrillation |
HT |
Heart Channel (Xin Jing) |
|
Acute myocardial infarction |
Intramuscular |
||
Autonomic Nervous System |
Intravenous |
||
5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) |
Intracerebroventricular |
||
5'-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase |
KI |
Kidney Channel (Shen Jing) |
|
Acupuncture |
Lactic dehydrogenase |
||
Acupuncture analgesia (preferably called acupuncture hypoalgesia, and wrongly called acupuncture anaesthesia) |
LI |
Large Intestine Channel (Dachang Jing) |
|
Arginine vasopressin |
LU |
Lung Channel (Fei Jing) |
|
Beta-endorphin |
LV |
Liver Channel (Gan Jing) |
|
BL |
Bladder Channel (Pangguang Jing) |
Mean alveolar concentration-1 |
|
Blood Pressure |
Mean arterial pressure |
||
Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion [Journal] |
Mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
||
Central nervous system |
Monosodium glutamate |
||
Cardiac output |
Noradrenalin |
||
Creatine-phosphokinase |
Nucleus parabrachialis medialis |
||
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
Nucleus reticularis lateralis (reticular lateral bulbar nucleus) of the ventrolateral medulla oblongata |
||
CV |
Conception Vessel (Ren Mai) |
? Nucleus reticularis medialis (reticular medial bulbar nucleus) of the ventrolateral medulla oblongata |
|
Cerebrovascular accident |
PC |
Pericardium Channel (Jueyin Jing, or Baoxin Jing) |
|
Central venous pressure |
Parachlorophenylalanine |
||
Cardiovascular System |
Phrenic nerve discharges |
||
The "arrival of Qi", the Qi sensation, after correct acupoint stimulation |
Pulse pressure |
||
Dimethylsulphoxide |
Reticuloendothelial |
||
DRPs |
Dorsal root potentials |
Respiration Rate |
|
Electric acupuncture convulsive therapy |
Rostral ventrolateral medulla |
||
Electroacupuncture |
Subcutaneous |
||
Electroacupuncture analgesia [see APA] |
Sorbitol dehydrogenase |
||
Electrocardiogram |
Stimulation-evoked potentials |
||
Electroconvulsive therapy |
SI |
Small Intestine Channel (Xiaochang Jing) |
|
Electroencephalogram |
SP |
Spleen-pancreas Channel (Pi Jing) |
|
Enkephalin |
ST |
Stomach Channel (Wei Jing) |
|
Endorphin |
Stroke volume |
||
Electrostimulation |
Traditional Chinese Medicine |
||
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate |
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation |
||
Glucose-6-phosphatase |
TH |
Triple Heater Channel (Sanjiao Jing) |
|
Gamma-amino-butyric-acid |
Total peripheral resistance |
||
GB |
Gallbladder Channel (Dan Jing) |
Vasopressin |
|
GV |
Governing Vessel (Du Mai) |
Western medicine |
|
Hypothalamic arcuate nucleus |
Needle penetrating from point X to Y |
||
Hemicholine |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Endnotes
Translation |
Hand Channel |
Foot Channel |
Finger |
Toe |
Polarity |
|
Taiyang |
Great Yang |
SI |
BL |
55 |
5 |
Yang |
Shaoyin |
Little Yin |
HT |
KI |
53 |
S4 |
Yin |
Shaoyang |
Little Yang |
TH |
GB |
4 |
4 |
Yang |
Jueyin |
Middle Yin |
PC |
LV |
3 |
12 |
Yin |
Yangming |
Sunlight Yang |
LI |
ST |
2 |
2 |
Yang |
Taiyin |
Great Yin |
LU |
SP |
1 |
11 |
Yin |
1
= toe 1, medial side (SP01); 2 = toe 1, lateral side (LV01) ; 3 = radial side (HT09);4
= Sole (KI01); 5 = ulnar side (SI01)